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Vivitrol is an FDA-approved, extended-release injectable medication used to treat opioid and alcohol dependence. Administered once a month, it works by blocking the brain’s opioid receptors, preventing the euphoric and sedative effects associated with opioids and alcohol. While Vivitrol can be an effective part of a comprehensive addiction treatment program, patients should understand the possible side effects before starting therapy.
How Vivitrol Works
Vivitrol contains naltrexone, a medication that binds to opioid receptors in the brain without producing a “high.” This action prevents opioids and alcohol from triggering the brain’s reward system, making relapse less likely. For alcohol dependence, Vivitrol reduces cravings and can cause an unpleasant physical reaction if alcohol is consumed, which helps discourage drinking.
Before starting Vivitrol, patients must be opioid-free for at least 7 to 14 days. Taking Vivitrol while opioids are still in the system can trigger sudden and severe withdrawal symptoms.
Common Side Effects
Like most prescription medications, a Vivitrol shot can cause side effects. The most frequently reported include:
- Injection site reactions – Mild pain, redness, swelling, or itching may occur at the injection site. These symptoms usually resolve on their own within a few days.
- Nausea – Some patients experience nausea during the first few days after receiving Vivitrol, though it often subsides with continued treatment.
- Headache and dizziness – Temporary discomfort such as headaches or lightheadedness can occur but typically improves over time.
- Fatigue – A feeling of tiredness or lack of energy may be present as the body adjusts to the medication.
Most side effects are mild to moderate and patients can manage them with proper medical guidance.
Serious Side Effects
Although rare, some side effects of Vivitrol can be more serious and require immediate medical attention. These may include:
- Allergic reactions – Signs include rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, or trouble breathing.
- Liver damage – High doses of naltrexone can cause liver problems. Symptoms may include yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), dark urine, or persistent abdominal pain.
- Severe injection site reactions – While uncommon, some patients may experience intense swelling, lumps, or open wounds at the injection site.
- Precipitated withdrawal – If opioids are present in the system, Vivitrol can cause abrupt withdrawal, which may be severe.
Factors That Influence Side Effects
Not everyone experiences side effects from Vivitrol, and their severity can vary. Factors such as overall health, history of liver problems, concurrent medications, and the presence of other medical conditions can influence how the body reacts.
This is why patients considering Vivitrol should work closely with a medical provider who can review their full health history, explain potential risks, and monitor their progress.
The Role of Comprehensive Treatment
Vivitrol is most effective when combined with a full addiction treatment program. At Complete Healthcare, Vivitrol therapy is part of a personalized plan that may include:
- Close medical monitoring
- Behavioral counseling
- Group and individual therapy
- Education on relapse prevention
- Aftercare support, such as sober living arrangements
By addressing both the physical and psychological aspects of opioid addiction, patients have a greater chance of achieving lasting recovery.
The Bottom Line
Vivitrol can be a powerful tool in the fight against opioid and alcohol dependence, but like all medications, it comes with potential side effects. While most are mild and temporary, some can be serious and require prompt medical attention. With careful medical supervision, the benefits of Vivitrol often outweigh the risks, especially when used as part of a structured treatment program.
Complete Healthcare’s Newark office offers safe and effective Vivitrol therapy in conjunction with comprehensive addiction treatment services. Patients receive the guidance, resources, and compassionate care they need to move from addiction to recovery, and back to a healthy, fulfilling life.